Prevalence of dental anomalies in children with cleft lip and unilateral and bilateral cleft lip and palate

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ABSTRACT

Aim

To examine the prevalence of different types of dental anomalies in children with nonsyndromic cleft lip, unilateral cleft
lip-palate, and bilateral cleft lip-palate.

Methods

A sample of 90 patients (aged 4-20 years) affected by isolated
cleft lip, unilateral and bilateral cleft lip and palate was examined. Cleft patients were classified into one of three groups according to
cleft type: (1) Unilateral Cleft Lip-Palate, (2) Bilateral Cleft Lip-Palate, and (3) Cleft Lip. Intraoral exams, panoramic radiographs and
dental casts, were used to analyse the prevalence of the various dental anomalies included in this study.

Results

There were no
statistically significant differences between patients with cleft lip, unilateral cleft lip and palate and bilateral cleft lip and palate. The
congenital absence of the cleft-side lateral incisor was observed in 40 of the sample, and a total of 30 patients
showed supernumerary teeth at the incisors region. Second premolar agenesis was found in 4.4 of patients, whereas in
18.9 of the sample there was an ectopic dental eruption. Lateral or central incisors rotation was noted in 31.1 of the
sample, while shape anomaly, lateral incisor microdontia, and enamel hypoplasia were detected respectively in 25.6,
5.6 and 18.9 of cleft patients.

Conclusion

High prevalence of different dental anomalies in children with cleft lip and
unilateral and bilateral cleft lip and palate has been confirmed. This study, in particular, shows the presence of ectopic and rotated teeth
in the cleft area.

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