Mechanics of facial growth in young patients

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ABSTRACT

Aim

The aim of this work is to focus on the impact of occlusion on facial development.

Methods

Literature was searched using Medline, Embase and Cochrane Library. The key words and mesh used were bone remodelling, facial growth, masticatory muscles, children. Only articles written in English were included in the study.

Results

Mechanical forces shape biological tissues. They are the effectors of the developmental programmes that orchestrate morphogenesis. Much effort has been devoted to understanding morphogenetic processes in mechanical terms and in literature there is ample evidence of that. Normal development of the mandible as well as some portions of the upper jaw and face are related to good function of the masticatory apparatus. When the neuromuscular system is in harmony, the mandibular muscles collectively exert their effect on both position and movement of the jaw and the loading of forces on the TM joints is optimal and balanced; when the integrity and interaction of bony and soft-tissue structures is disturbed (i.e. by trauma or TMJ disorders or dysfunction) this may result in facial and occlusal disharmonies.

Conclusion

Disturbances in the harmonious interplay of the masticatory muscles may result in facial alteration and asymmetries. If not treated, the dysplastic pattern of growth continues and worsens with time.

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