Three-dimensional longitudinal changes of maxilla and mandible morphology during the predental period

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ABSTRACT

Aim

The purpose of this study was to longitudinally analyse the morphology of maxilla and mandible over time in infants
using a three-dimensional (3D) surface scanner.

Methods

Seventeen Japanese full-term infants participated in the
study. Dental plaster models were fabricated every 3 months from 1 month of age to 12 months. The plaster models were scanned
using the 3D surface scanner to create 3D models. The arch width, arch length, arch angle, palatal depth and palatal area of the 3D
models were analysed.

Results

The arch width and length of maxilla and mandible increased as the arch angle decreased. The
arch width and length of the maxilla were greater than those of the mandible. The total alveolar ridge morphology increased in size in
the occlusal view, with marked growth in the sagittal direction. The palatal depth remained virtually unchanged although the palatal area
increased as a result of buccal growth of the alveolar ridge. CONCLUSIONS: The morphological growth pattern of the maxilla and
mandible in infants can be evaluated quantitatively using 3D analysis. Knowledge about the healthy development of children and their
orofacial growth patterns during the predental period can be applied as an index for diagnostic criteria.

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