Translation and validation of the italian version of the Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire (pidaq) among adolescents

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ABSTRACT

Aim

The Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire (PIDAQ) is a valid tool aiming to evaluate the self-reported
influence of dental aesthetics on quality of life. This questionnaire was developed in English for young adults, and later translated and
validated with an Italian population. A new version of the questionnaire was recently introduced to be used in adolescents (11-17 years-
old), but it had not been translated in Italian yet. Hence, the purpose of this study was to translate, cross-culturally adapt and validate
the PIDAQ for adolescents, for its use among Italian subjects.

Methods

To develop the Italian PIDAQ, the original version was
translated, back-translated, cross-culturally adapted and pre-tested. Afterwards, the Italian PIDAQ was administered to a convenience
sample of 677 subjects, aged 11-17 years, together with two other written questionnaires: the Aesthetic Component of the Index of
Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN-AC) and the Perception of Occlusion Scale (POS), which are instruments dedicated to assess the
self-reported degree of malocclusion. A one-way ANOVA was performed to assess the difference between groups, within each PIDAQ
factor, according to POS and IOTN-AC scores. The correlation between PIDAQ factors and POS/IOTN-AC scores was measured as
Spearman’s rank correlation. The internal consistency was assessed as Cronbach’s alpha coef?cient (α), and the test-retest
reproducibility as Intra-Class Correlation Coef?cient (ICC).

Results

The one-way ANOVA showed that all the factors of the self-
reported impact of dental aesthetics on quality of life significantly increased as the degree of malocclusion worsened (P<0.001). Furthermore, all the factors showed statistically significant correlations with both IOTN-AC and POS scores. The α ranged between 0.79 and 0.90, and the ICC ranged between 0.93-0.97.

Conclusion

The Italian adolescent PIDAQ showed good reliability
and validity. The psychometric properties of this version of the questionnaire support its use for the assessment of the psychosocial
impact of dental aesthetics among Italian adolescents.

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