Biological effects of sodium fluoride varnishes used in remineralisation of enamel: An in vitro study

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ABSTRACT

Material and methods

Four experimental assays were carried out (MTS, Mitotracker® system [mitochondrial function and morphology], Live/Dead®, and Comet) to assess the morphology, viability, and genotoxicity of two NaF varnishes (Duraphat® and Clinpro White®, both at two different concentrations). The essays were conducted on cultured pulp fibroblasts, grouped in four experimental and two control groups. Collected data were analysed by one-way ANOVA followed by the post hoc Bonferroni test.

Results

Some morphological changes of DPFs could be detected after the NaFVs stimulation. Most DPFs incubated in Duraphat (22.6 mg/L) maintained their morphological characteristics, except for a small decrease in cell size and shorter cytoplasmic projections (filopodia); DPFs treated with Clinpro White Varnish (22.6 mg/L) presented a morphology and size similar to the control group. DPFs exposed to Duraphat (113 mg/L) exhibited significant morphological alterations with considerable cell size increases and DPFs treated with Clinpro White Varnish (113 mg/L) showed a slight cell size increase without noticeable morphological anomalies. The Duraphat (22.6 mg/L) and Clinpro White Varnish (22.6 mg/L) groups promoted 31% and 35% cell proliferation, respectively, whereas DPFs proliferation with Duraphat (113 mg/L) decreased up to 59%, and cell proliferation with Clinpro White Varnish (113 mg/L) was similar to that of control.

Conclusion

All tested varnishes induced changes in the fibroblastic mitochondria. In general, Duraphat was less biocompatible and caused a change in the number of mitochondria compared to Clinpro White Varnish.

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