Comparative study of dental anomalies assessed with panoramic radiographs of Down syndrome and non-Down syndrome patients

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ABSTRACT

Aim

The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of dental anomalies from panoramic radiographs of age-matched
individuals with and without Down Syndrome (DS).

Methods

Study Design: This is a retrospective cross-sectional
study. A group of 41 patients (19 female and 22 male) with Down Syndrome (DS), mean age 10.6 1.4 and a control group of
42 non- DS patients (26 female and 16 male), mean age 11.1 1.3 were studied. Methods: This study examined the medical
history and a panoramic radiograph of each patient. The dental anomalies studied were agenesis of permanent teeth (except third
molars), size and shape maxillary lateral anomalies and maxillary canine eruption path anomalies. Statistics: The groups were
compared using Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon non-parametric tests (p<0.05). Rho Spearman correlation coefficient was applied for associations. Results Agenesis of one permanent tooth was found in 73.17 of DS subjects and two or more permanent teeth in more than 50 (p<0.001). Maxillary lateral incisor was the most frequently absent tooth followed by mandibular second premolar, mandibular lateral incisor, maxillary second premolar and mandibular central incisor. No significant differences were detected between maxilla and mandible on either side. No differences in gender were observed. Significant differences were found for size and shape anomalies of maxillary lateral incisors, as well as for canine eruption anomalies (p<0.05). No gender differences were observed for either variable. No association was found between these two variables in the DS group. CONCLUSIONS: More dental anomalies were present in the DS group than in the control group, which implied that DS patients need periodical dental and orthodontic supervision so as to prevent or control subsequent oral problems.

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